4. Maritime Health and Wellbeing
Maritime Health and Wellbeing refers to the full range of physical, mental and social health aspects affecting seafarers, taking into account the specific working and living conditions on board ships. These conditions are characterised by prolonged exposure to noise and vibrations, high physical strain, irregular working hours and rest periods, and limited access to medical care. Within this context, preventive healthcare forms an essential part of sustainable employability policy in the maritime sector.
Preventive healthcare focuses on preventing work-related conditions and promoting the overall health of seafarers. This includes, amongst other things, periodic medical examinations, health monitoring, ergonomic interventions, health and safety education, and lifestyle promotion. Through early detection and intervention, the deterioration of health can be limited and long-term absence from work can be prevented.
Hearing disorders, including noise-induced hearing loss and tinnitus, are common in the maritime sector as a result of chronic exposure to high noise levels from shipboard installations and equipment. Preventive strategies include technical noise-reduction measures, the systematic use of personal hearing protection, regular audiometric screening and raising awareness of the risks of prolonged noise exposure. Early detection is crucial to preventing irreversible hearing damage.
Lower back pain is a major cause of functional limitations and absenteeism amongst seafarers. These complaints are often caused by heavy physical work, manual lifting, prolonged work in awkward postures and exposure to mechanical vibrations. Preventive measures focus on the ergonomic optimisation of work processes, the use of lifting aids, training in ergonomically sound working practices, and adequate rest and recovery periods.
Fatigue is a substantial health and safety risk within the maritime sector and is associated with long working hours, shift work, night work and disruption to the circadian rhythm. Prevention requires a systematic approach, including the proper organisation of working hours and rest periods, compliance with international regulations, the promotion of sleep quality and the optimisation of the living environment on board. Reducing fatigue contributes to both the health of seafarers and operational safety.